Competition is a form of measurement and comparing one person or team against another. Moderate competition is good, but extreme competition can devastate anyone. Parents, teachers, coaches, youth directors and other adults play an integral role in directing the activities of youth. Adults can help to channel the energies of youth so that they encounter a wide variety of experiences. Adults can play an important role in helping youth balance competition and cooperation. Temperament, culture, talent and the age of the child affect how a child handles competition. Children are not born with a competitive urge. They learn it.
Competition in itself is not a bad thing. Competition will be experienced at many points in life. As adults, we can choose to structure events and contests so that competition is a learning experience. Competition becomes negative when winning becomes the overriding goal. Competition is everywhere in the world. While it may be almost a natural part of society today, some of the negative effects on children are overlooked.
In most competitive events there are more of those that do not win than those who do. Winning can have a positive effect on a child but it has been shown that losing enhances negative thoughts and feelings more than winning increases positive thoughts. Children who fail to win in competitive situations show more feelings of unworthiness, more harmful thoughts about themselves, and decreased self-esteem. Children who do not win may feel that they have failed and have negative feelings about themselves. They may feel worthless, helpless and hopeless.
Adults can help guide youth to focus on the means (learning, obtaining goals, social contact or simply being happy with being involved) instead of the end (winning). Striving to achieve a goal is a constructive form of competition where success is measured in terms of self growth and not by a ribbon or trophy.
Children are extremely sensitive to adult attitudes about winning and losing. When positive responses follow only winning, and negative reactions following losing, youth may learn to fear failure. Their desire and motivation may be dampened in a way that limits their creativity and their desire to take chances and experience new things. Enthusiasm for learning and enjoyment in the activity may be discouraged.
Competition can be good for children. It can help children develop healthy attitudes about winning and losing. Children become competitive as they refine and practice skills and develop coordination and cognitive abilities. Competition can encourage growth and push a child to excel.
BY:
BANDNA REKHI
CONSULTANT CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
Friday, August 27, 2010
Good Stress and Bad Stress
Everyone experiences stress, which is the body's general response to any event, real or imagined, that requires an adaptation or extra effort. In most cases, an event or situation is not stressful by itself. Rather, it is how people view the event and what they believe about their own ability to respond to it that create stress. About 10 percent of modern stress can be linked to actual physical threats to life or safety, such as being threatened with a weapon or needing to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident. The other 90 percent of stress seems to result from our perceptions of life events, such as fights with friends or family, worries about school or work, or problems we do not know how to solve. The majority of doctor visits are believed to be stress-related.
Stressors
Stressors are the triggers for the body's stress response. These triggers are unique to each person. An event that one person finds relaxing may create tension in another. Stressors fall into several different categories:
• Physical stressors affect a person's body. These biological stressors may include exercise, illness, or disabilities.
• Environmental stressors include noise, overcrowding, poverty, natural disasters, or even technology that causes too much change in too short a period of time.
• Life situations create both good and bad stressors. These may include moving to a new home, changing schools or jobs, or experiencing changes in the family structure, such as marriage, divorce, the birth or adoption of a new sibling, or the death of a friend or family member.
• Behaviors also can be stressors. These may include smoking cigarettes, taking drugs, not sleeping enough, eating too little or too much, or exercising too little or too much.
• Certain patterns of thinking (cognitive actions) can be stressors, too. These may include fearing change or challenge, remembering hard times that have passed, interpreting minor losses as catastrophes, or having too little self-esteem.
Stress and anxiety (distress)
Most often, stress is associated with negative events or thoughts, which are difficult experiences that most people find unpleasant, frightening, or anxiety-producing. Stress may result from teasing by peers, being bullied, anxiety about homework or tests, disappointment about not achieving a goal, encountering unfamiliar people or places, or efforts to cram too many activities into too little time. Job stress and caregiver stress often fall into this category. So does being a pessimist and "worrywart" who believes that whenever something can go wrong, it will go wrong. Stress is the body's natural response to the difficult demands it encounters everyday.
Stress and excitement
Take a deep breath when faced with stress, and sometimes anxiety turns into excitement. That is because some stressors are positive. An audition, a stage performance or applause (instead of stage fright), an A grade or a game point (instead of anxiety), or a date to the prom with someone brand-new are positive stressors. Stress also is the body's natural response to the exciting new challenges it encounters everyday.
Trauma and stress
Some events are so stressful that they overwhelm us, and no amount of deep breathing or positive thinking can help. Accidents, injuries, abuse, violence, war, serious threats to physical safety, or the sudden death of a loved one are examples of traumas that cause a stress response within the body.
What Is the Stress Response?
Stressors good and bad set off a series of events within the body's neuroendocrine system. Often called the "fight or flight" response, these events are triggered by the brain, which alerts the body's autonomic nervous system to prepare all systems to react to an emergency. The autonomic nervous system sends a message in a split second through nerve fibers, which signal all the other body systems.
During this alarm period, many different hormones are activated with many dramatic effects on other body systems. The heart beats faster, blood pressure is raised, and blood vessels dilate (open wider) to increase blood flow to the muscles. The pupils dilate to aid vision. The digestive system slows down so that the body's resources and energy can be used wherever else they are needed, and the production of saliva decreases. The bronchi dilate to aid breathing. The skin sweats to cool the body, and the liver releases its stores of glucose, the major fuel of the body, to increase the person's energy level. The body stays in overdrive until the brain tells it that the emergency has ended.
Events that trigger the stress response usually are emergencies that do not last for very long. This allows the body to relax and recover after the emergency has ended so that it can respond correctly the next time its emergency response system is needed.
Coping with Stress
Tips for coping with stress:
• Be realistic.
• Don't try to be perfect.
• Don't expect others to be perfect.
• Take one thing at a time.
• Be flexible.
• Share feelings.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
• Meditate.
• Ask for help when necessary.
Tips for helping others cope with stress:
• Pay attention.
• Take them seriously.
• Be patient.
• Offer help when necessary.
Long-term stress (chronic stress), frequently recurring stress, or extreme stress from trauma or a life-threatening event can keep the body's
The body's stress hormone response: When the brain perceives stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (1), which triggers the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (2) from the pituitary gland. ACTH (2) travels through the bloodstream and (along with signals from the brain sent through the autonomic nervous system) stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol and epinephrine into the bloodstream (3). Cortisol and epinephrine (3) help provide energy, oxygen, and stimulation to the heart, the brain, and other muscles and organs (4) to support the body's response to stress. When the brain perceives that the stress has ended, it allows hormone levels to return to their baseline values.
stress response system activated at too high a level or for too long a period of time. This may interfere with the body's ability to recover from the stress response. Chronic stress or post-trauma stress also may lead to physical, emotional, or behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, or even the development of stress-related illnesses.
What Happens with Too Much Stress?
Researchers have found that chronic stress and post-trauma stress can suppress the immune system, interfering with the body's natural ability to defend itself against infection. Chronic stress also may contribute to many other problems of mind and body, including:
• headaches or stomachaches
• allergic responses, such as skin rashes or asthma
• irritability, aggression, or conduct disorders
• bruxism (grinding the teeth)
• sleep disorders
• eating disorders
• alcoholism or substance abuse
• anxiety
• phobias
• depression
Chronic stress is believed to be a factor in many cases of abuse, violence, and suicide. Over the long term, chronic stress also may contribute to the development of cardiovascular problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. People who experience chronic stress can benefit from working with a doctor or therapist to learn stress management techniques.
What Is the Antidote for Too Much Stress?
The antidote for stress is relaxation, creating a state of ease, rest, and repose within the body. Taking a deep breath almost always is the first step toward relaxation, allowing us to figure out that the emergency that triggered the body's stress response has ended.
HANS SELYE AND STRESS RESEARCH
Dr. Hans Selye (1907-1982) is considered the founder of modern stress research. He authored 39 books, wrote more than 1,700 scholarly papers, and was cited as a source in more than 362,000 scientific papers, not to mention countless articles in magazines and newspapers around the world. He also established the International Institute on Stress at the University of Montreal. The body's "general adaptation syndrome" often is called "Selye syndrome."
Dr. Selye defined stress as "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand," which means the body's reaction to any change in its environment. Dr. Selye linked physical illnesses not just to bacterial and viral infections, but also to hormones within the body that become activated whenever the body responds to external stressors, such as temperature extremes, pain, and threats to safety. Dr. Selye determined that, many of the body's hormonal responses to stress were helpful and "adaptive," but others were "maladaptive" and placed physical demands on the body that could result in disease.
Still, Dr. Selye described stress as the spice of life, which might make one person sick while invigorating another. In one of his best-selling books, The Stress of Life, Dr. Selye offered this rhymed advice: "Fight for your highest attainable aim/But never put up resistance in vain." By choosing wisely where we invest effort and emotional energy, we can reduce the damaging side effects of stress, keep distress to a minimum, and increase our enjoyment of life.
Relaxation response
At the end of a stress response cycle, the body begins a relaxation response: Our breathing slows down, our hearts stop racing, our muscles stretch out, our minds become quieter, and levels of stress hormones in our bodies return to their baseline values. Techniques for achieving a relaxation response are many and varied. Some people listen to music or sing, go for a long walk or a run in the park, or practice meditation. Other techniques that promote a relaxation response include yoga, abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, guided imagery or visualization, hypnosis, prayer, support groups, or spending time with pets or loved ones. Because stress is an inevitable part of living, the long-term antidote for stress is to learn coping strategies that allow us to live with it successfully.
Resilience
Resilient people who experience high levels of stress but recover quickly and show low levels of illness often are referred to as "stress-resistant personalities." According to researchers, such resilient people seem to have several common characteristics:
• They view change as a challenging and normal part of life, rather than as a threat.
• They have a sense of control over their lives, they believe that setbacks are temporary, and they believe that they will succeed if they work toward their goals.
• They have commitments to work, family, friends, support networks, and regular activities that promote relaxation, including hobbies, vacations, sports, yoga, and meditation.
Some people seem to be born with resilient personalities and good stress management skills. They know instinctively how to "get by with a little help from their friends." However, at times when a little help is not enough and only extra-strength help will do, or when a person needs some coaching to improve coping skills, it is always a good idea to turn to a doctor, counselor, or therapist.
The Relaxation Response
Dr. Herbert Benson of Harvard coined the term "relaxation response" for the body's antidote to its stress response. Triggered by a 20-minute period of meditation, the relaxation response leads to decreases in heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, lactic acid production, and anxious thoughts.
To achieve the relaxation response, Dr. Benson recommended a quiet environment, a comfortable position, a focal point (a repeated word or sound, such as "Om"), and a passive attitude toward distracting thoughts that enter the mind.
By
ketan parmar
Stressors
Stressors are the triggers for the body's stress response. These triggers are unique to each person. An event that one person finds relaxing may create tension in another. Stressors fall into several different categories:
• Physical stressors affect a person's body. These biological stressors may include exercise, illness, or disabilities.
• Environmental stressors include noise, overcrowding, poverty, natural disasters, or even technology that causes too much change in too short a period of time.
• Life situations create both good and bad stressors. These may include moving to a new home, changing schools or jobs, or experiencing changes in the family structure, such as marriage, divorce, the birth or adoption of a new sibling, or the death of a friend or family member.
• Behaviors also can be stressors. These may include smoking cigarettes, taking drugs, not sleeping enough, eating too little or too much, or exercising too little or too much.
• Certain patterns of thinking (cognitive actions) can be stressors, too. These may include fearing change or challenge, remembering hard times that have passed, interpreting minor losses as catastrophes, or having too little self-esteem.
Stress and anxiety (distress)
Most often, stress is associated with negative events or thoughts, which are difficult experiences that most people find unpleasant, frightening, or anxiety-producing. Stress may result from teasing by peers, being bullied, anxiety about homework or tests, disappointment about not achieving a goal, encountering unfamiliar people or places, or efforts to cram too many activities into too little time. Job stress and caregiver stress often fall into this category. So does being a pessimist and "worrywart" who believes that whenever something can go wrong, it will go wrong. Stress is the body's natural response to the difficult demands it encounters everyday.
Stress and excitement
Take a deep breath when faced with stress, and sometimes anxiety turns into excitement. That is because some stressors are positive. An audition, a stage performance or applause (instead of stage fright), an A grade or a game point (instead of anxiety), or a date to the prom with someone brand-new are positive stressors. Stress also is the body's natural response to the exciting new challenges it encounters everyday.
Trauma and stress
Some events are so stressful that they overwhelm us, and no amount of deep breathing or positive thinking can help. Accidents, injuries, abuse, violence, war, serious threats to physical safety, or the sudden death of a loved one are examples of traumas that cause a stress response within the body.
What Is the Stress Response?
Stressors good and bad set off a series of events within the body's neuroendocrine system. Often called the "fight or flight" response, these events are triggered by the brain, which alerts the body's autonomic nervous system to prepare all systems to react to an emergency. The autonomic nervous system sends a message in a split second through nerve fibers, which signal all the other body systems.
During this alarm period, many different hormones are activated with many dramatic effects on other body systems. The heart beats faster, blood pressure is raised, and blood vessels dilate (open wider) to increase blood flow to the muscles. The pupils dilate to aid vision. The digestive system slows down so that the body's resources and energy can be used wherever else they are needed, and the production of saliva decreases. The bronchi dilate to aid breathing. The skin sweats to cool the body, and the liver releases its stores of glucose, the major fuel of the body, to increase the person's energy level. The body stays in overdrive until the brain tells it that the emergency has ended.
Events that trigger the stress response usually are emergencies that do not last for very long. This allows the body to relax and recover after the emergency has ended so that it can respond correctly the next time its emergency response system is needed.
Coping with Stress
Tips for coping with stress:
• Be realistic.
• Don't try to be perfect.
• Don't expect others to be perfect.
• Take one thing at a time.
• Be flexible.
• Share feelings.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
• Meditate.
• Ask for help when necessary.
Tips for helping others cope with stress:
• Pay attention.
• Take them seriously.
• Be patient.
• Offer help when necessary.
Long-term stress (chronic stress), frequently recurring stress, or extreme stress from trauma or a life-threatening event can keep the body's
The body's stress hormone response: When the brain perceives stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (1), which triggers the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (2) from the pituitary gland. ACTH (2) travels through the bloodstream and (along with signals from the brain sent through the autonomic nervous system) stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol and epinephrine into the bloodstream (3). Cortisol and epinephrine (3) help provide energy, oxygen, and stimulation to the heart, the brain, and other muscles and organs (4) to support the body's response to stress. When the brain perceives that the stress has ended, it allows hormone levels to return to their baseline values.
stress response system activated at too high a level or for too long a period of time. This may interfere with the body's ability to recover from the stress response. Chronic stress or post-trauma stress also may lead to physical, emotional, or behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, or even the development of stress-related illnesses.
What Happens with Too Much Stress?
Researchers have found that chronic stress and post-trauma stress can suppress the immune system, interfering with the body's natural ability to defend itself against infection. Chronic stress also may contribute to many other problems of mind and body, including:
• headaches or stomachaches
• allergic responses, such as skin rashes or asthma
• irritability, aggression, or conduct disorders
• bruxism (grinding the teeth)
• sleep disorders
• eating disorders
• alcoholism or substance abuse
• anxiety
• phobias
• depression
Chronic stress is believed to be a factor in many cases of abuse, violence, and suicide. Over the long term, chronic stress also may contribute to the development of cardiovascular problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. People who experience chronic stress can benefit from working with a doctor or therapist to learn stress management techniques.
What Is the Antidote for Too Much Stress?
The antidote for stress is relaxation, creating a state of ease, rest, and repose within the body. Taking a deep breath almost always is the first step toward relaxation, allowing us to figure out that the emergency that triggered the body's stress response has ended.
HANS SELYE AND STRESS RESEARCH
Dr. Hans Selye (1907-1982) is considered the founder of modern stress research. He authored 39 books, wrote more than 1,700 scholarly papers, and was cited as a source in more than 362,000 scientific papers, not to mention countless articles in magazines and newspapers around the world. He also established the International Institute on Stress at the University of Montreal. The body's "general adaptation syndrome" often is called "Selye syndrome."
Dr. Selye defined stress as "the nonspecific response of the body to any demand," which means the body's reaction to any change in its environment. Dr. Selye linked physical illnesses not just to bacterial and viral infections, but also to hormones within the body that become activated whenever the body responds to external stressors, such as temperature extremes, pain, and threats to safety. Dr. Selye determined that, many of the body's hormonal responses to stress were helpful and "adaptive," but others were "maladaptive" and placed physical demands on the body that could result in disease.
Still, Dr. Selye described stress as the spice of life, which might make one person sick while invigorating another. In one of his best-selling books, The Stress of Life, Dr. Selye offered this rhymed advice: "Fight for your highest attainable aim/But never put up resistance in vain." By choosing wisely where we invest effort and emotional energy, we can reduce the damaging side effects of stress, keep distress to a minimum, and increase our enjoyment of life.
Relaxation response
At the end of a stress response cycle, the body begins a relaxation response: Our breathing slows down, our hearts stop racing, our muscles stretch out, our minds become quieter, and levels of stress hormones in our bodies return to their baseline values. Techniques for achieving a relaxation response are many and varied. Some people listen to music or sing, go for a long walk or a run in the park, or practice meditation. Other techniques that promote a relaxation response include yoga, abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, guided imagery or visualization, hypnosis, prayer, support groups, or spending time with pets or loved ones. Because stress is an inevitable part of living, the long-term antidote for stress is to learn coping strategies that allow us to live with it successfully.
Resilience
Resilient people who experience high levels of stress but recover quickly and show low levels of illness often are referred to as "stress-resistant personalities." According to researchers, such resilient people seem to have several common characteristics:
• They view change as a challenging and normal part of life, rather than as a threat.
• They have a sense of control over their lives, they believe that setbacks are temporary, and they believe that they will succeed if they work toward their goals.
• They have commitments to work, family, friends, support networks, and regular activities that promote relaxation, including hobbies, vacations, sports, yoga, and meditation.
Some people seem to be born with resilient personalities and good stress management skills. They know instinctively how to "get by with a little help from their friends." However, at times when a little help is not enough and only extra-strength help will do, or when a person needs some coaching to improve coping skills, it is always a good idea to turn to a doctor, counselor, or therapist.
The Relaxation Response
Dr. Herbert Benson of Harvard coined the term "relaxation response" for the body's antidote to its stress response. Triggered by a 20-minute period of meditation, the relaxation response leads to decreases in heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, lactic acid production, and anxious thoughts.
To achieve the relaxation response, Dr. Benson recommended a quiet environment, a comfortable position, a focal point (a repeated word or sound, such as "Om"), and a passive attitude toward distracting thoughts that enter the mind.
By
ketan parmar
Wednesday, August 18, 2010
Senile dementia: Aging problem
•Aging is the process of growing old or maturing. Humans achieve their peak in growth and development when they are in their middle 20s.Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some proportions of ageing grow and develop over time, though others decline. It is genetically determined Ageing is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes that occur, but also reflecting cultural and societal conventions. For example, physical activities, physical strength or reaction time may slow with age, while understanding, awareness of world events and intelligence may expand.
• Senile dementia
Dementia has come out from Latin word originally meaning madness. It is a serious cognitive problem of aging. It is actually a group of several diseases. The common ones are vascular diseases, Parkinson diseases, lewy body diseases and Alzheimer diseases. Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) in which exaggerated areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. It is normally essential to be present for at least 6 months to be diagnosed cognitive dysfunction that has been seen only over shorter times, in exacting less than weeks, must be termed delirium. Senile dementia is a syndrome caused by deterioration of the brain cells. It's different from normal senility in the elderly. The patient's brain function will increasingly deteriorate resulting in progressive loss of memory and mental abilities, and visible personality changes. Progressive manslaughter of brain cells or loss of brain functions due to hardening of arteries (arteriosclerosis); onset is slow, over years rather than months. Short-term memory is affected first - person infrequently forgets what happened hours or minutes ago, and has difficulty subsequent conversations and trains of thought, or making sense of what he or she sees or reads. In near the beginning stages, person is well aware of what is happening; even in later stages, confusion may big sense of what he or she sees or reads .Dementia is progressive and unbearable if it occurs in the prior years the mental deterioration advances more speedily and is harsher than if it starts in later years.
Causes of senile dementia
• Hardening of arteries
• Parkinson diseases
• Brain tumor
• High dosage steroid abuse
• Person’s metabolism or hormones may also be responsible for dementia. Such as
• Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
• Deficiency of vitamin B12 or B3
• Sign or symptoms of dementia
• Impaired judgment
• Losing cognitive ability
• Emotional instability
• Neglecting personal hygiene
• Losing weight gradually
• Passivity or losing initiative
• Forgetting recent events
• Changes in personality
• Prevention
Dementia is commonly caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, drug abuse, depression and thyroid dysfunction. So people should try to avoid them and having proper and nutritious diet. They should have regular exercise and routine health check-ups. Other family member should also be supportive or cooperative. Consult the doctor to confirm diagnosis. Patient should have his/her contact number, house number so that it will help to find them in case she/he gets lost.
By
kalpana Sharma
• Senile dementia
Dementia has come out from Latin word originally meaning madness. It is a serious cognitive problem of aging. It is actually a group of several diseases. The common ones are vascular diseases, Parkinson diseases, lewy body diseases and Alzheimer diseases. Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) in which exaggerated areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. It is normally essential to be present for at least 6 months to be diagnosed cognitive dysfunction that has been seen only over shorter times, in exacting less than weeks, must be termed delirium. Senile dementia is a syndrome caused by deterioration of the brain cells. It's different from normal senility in the elderly. The patient's brain function will increasingly deteriorate resulting in progressive loss of memory and mental abilities, and visible personality changes. Progressive manslaughter of brain cells or loss of brain functions due to hardening of arteries (arteriosclerosis); onset is slow, over years rather than months. Short-term memory is affected first - person infrequently forgets what happened hours or minutes ago, and has difficulty subsequent conversations and trains of thought, or making sense of what he or she sees or reads. In near the beginning stages, person is well aware of what is happening; even in later stages, confusion may big sense of what he or she sees or reads .Dementia is progressive and unbearable if it occurs in the prior years the mental deterioration advances more speedily and is harsher than if it starts in later years.
Causes of senile dementia
• Hardening of arteries
• Parkinson diseases
• Brain tumor
• High dosage steroid abuse
• Person’s metabolism or hormones may also be responsible for dementia. Such as
• Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
• Deficiency of vitamin B12 or B3
• Sign or symptoms of dementia
• Impaired judgment
• Losing cognitive ability
• Emotional instability
• Neglecting personal hygiene
• Losing weight gradually
• Passivity or losing initiative
• Forgetting recent events
• Changes in personality
• Prevention
Dementia is commonly caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, drug abuse, depression and thyroid dysfunction. So people should try to avoid them and having proper and nutritious diet. They should have regular exercise and routine health check-ups. Other family member should also be supportive or cooperative. Consult the doctor to confirm diagnosis. Patient should have his/her contact number, house number so that it will help to find them in case she/he gets lost.
By
kalpana Sharma
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
Phobia : - An intense feeling of fear
When a fear severely impairs a person’s ability to function properly, they would be diagnosed as having a phobia.
Phobia is an irrational, intense and persistent feeling of fear of a specific
Object, situation, animal or people, that is strongly out of proportion on the
Reality of the danger.Phobia is the most common mental disorder.
Generally it is a disrupting behaviour or we can say
it is a common form of anxiety disorder.the main symptom of this disorder
Phobia is the excessive and unreasonable desire to avoid the feared stimulus or object.
The term phobia emerged from Greek word "phobos".phobos is the name of Greek
God who was afraid from his rivals.That's why phobia is meant as fear.
Common signs of phobia
• conciseness of breath
• Accelerated heart rate
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Trembling or shaking
• Sweating
• Feelings of choking
• sickness or stomach distress
There are various theories about how phobias develop .social learning theorist suggest that because an object has been associated within situation that is in itself frightening people may become conditioned to fear the object as much as they feared the original situation.
Psychoanalytic theorist on the other hand argue that phobias are overt manifestation of repressed conflicts. The particular object or situation that phobic individuals fear is only a symbolic representation of an unconscious danger by restricting their activity,phobic individuals avoid bringing the actual conflict into the foreground and thereby escape a potentially threatening situation.
Types of phobia
These are the main types of phobia-
A) Specific phobia –
Acrophobia- fear of heights
Algophobia- fear of pain
Astraphobia- fear of thunder,lightening
Claustrophobia- fear of spaces
Gynophobia – fear of female
Hydrophobia- fear of water
Nyctophobia –fear of darkness’
Ocholophobia –fear of crowd
Pathophobia – fear of disease
Pyrophobia – fear of fire
Zoophobia – fear of animals
Phasmophobia- fear of ghost
Cynophobia – fear of dog
Monophobia – fear of loneliness
Thanatophobia –fear of death
Anthophobia – fear of flowers
Atychiphobia- fear of failure
Cibophobia and Sitophobia – fear of food (anorexia nervosa)
Decidophobia- fear of making decision
Glossophobia- fear of speaking in public
B) Agoraphobia-
It is a fear of open spaces.Agoraphobia refers not only fear of open spaces but also to fear of being in crowd,fear of traveling and in extreme cases fear of being away from home at all.
C) Socialphobia –
Fears of being among other people are also fairly common. The person feels that the other person will evaluate him , that’s why he wants to go away from the social places.He looks depressed and conscious.It is also called social anxiety disorder .Mostly it begins in adolescence stage.Bcoz in real sense a person starts interaction with other people in this stage.
Prevention
People who suffers from any kind of phobia should try to face the situation instead of avoiding it. This is the easiest way to deal with phobia disorder.But in case of severe case of phobia one should definitely go to counselor or a clinical psychologist and try to attain positivity of thoughts.
By
Kalpana Sharma
Phobia is an irrational, intense and persistent feeling of fear of a specific
Object, situation, animal or people, that is strongly out of proportion on the
Reality of the danger.Phobia is the most common mental disorder.
Generally it is a disrupting behaviour or we can say
it is a common form of anxiety disorder.the main symptom of this disorder
Phobia is the excessive and unreasonable desire to avoid the feared stimulus or object.
The term phobia emerged from Greek word "phobos".phobos is the name of Greek
God who was afraid from his rivals.That's why phobia is meant as fear.
Common signs of phobia
• conciseness of breath
• Accelerated heart rate
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Trembling or shaking
• Sweating
• Feelings of choking
• sickness or stomach distress
There are various theories about how phobias develop .social learning theorist suggest that because an object has been associated within situation that is in itself frightening people may become conditioned to fear the object as much as they feared the original situation.
Psychoanalytic theorist on the other hand argue that phobias are overt manifestation of repressed conflicts. The particular object or situation that phobic individuals fear is only a symbolic representation of an unconscious danger by restricting their activity,phobic individuals avoid bringing the actual conflict into the foreground and thereby escape a potentially threatening situation.
Types of phobia
These are the main types of phobia-
A) Specific phobia –
Acrophobia- fear of heights
Algophobia- fear of pain
Astraphobia- fear of thunder,lightening
Claustrophobia- fear of spaces
Gynophobia – fear of female
Hydrophobia- fear of water
Nyctophobia –fear of darkness’
Ocholophobia –fear of crowd
Pathophobia – fear of disease
Pyrophobia – fear of fire
Zoophobia – fear of animals
Phasmophobia- fear of ghost
Cynophobia – fear of dog
Monophobia – fear of loneliness
Thanatophobia –fear of death
Anthophobia – fear of flowers
Atychiphobia- fear of failure
Cibophobia and Sitophobia – fear of food (anorexia nervosa)
Decidophobia- fear of making decision
Glossophobia- fear of speaking in public
B) Agoraphobia-
It is a fear of open spaces.Agoraphobia refers not only fear of open spaces but also to fear of being in crowd,fear of traveling and in extreme cases fear of being away from home at all.
C) Socialphobia –
Fears of being among other people are also fairly common. The person feels that the other person will evaluate him , that’s why he wants to go away from the social places.He looks depressed and conscious.It is also called social anxiety disorder .Mostly it begins in adolescence stage.Bcoz in real sense a person starts interaction with other people in this stage.
Prevention
People who suffers from any kind of phobia should try to face the situation instead of avoiding it. This is the easiest way to deal with phobia disorder.But in case of severe case of phobia one should definitely go to counselor or a clinical psychologist and try to attain positivity of thoughts.
By
Kalpana Sharma
Monday, August 16, 2010
Are u depressed?
Mental states characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest, experienced by most individuals. They are deemed clinical (that is a mental illness) if they are persistent, severe, and out of proportion to any identifiable precipitant. The general term depression is often used to denote the disorder; but as it can also be used in reference to other types of psychological depression, A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better they also need treatment.. Major depression is a disabling condition which adversely affects a person's family, work or school life, daily lifestyle, and general health. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away.Depression disturbs a person physically as well as emotionally.
Common signs & symptoms of depression
• Lack of energy
• Different changes in eating habits
• Poor concentration
• Increased unhappiness or touchiness
• Sleeping too much or too little
• Weight loss
• Low self esteem
• Feelings of guilt
• Withdrawal from responsibilities
• Presence of death and suicidal thoughts
• running away from reality
• Having prolong head, muscle, and stomach aches
• Dislike to spend time with family and friends
• Social detachment
• Disturbed communication skills
• repetitive mood swings
• loss of interest in daily activities
• feelings of hopelessness and loneliness
• irritability or restlessness
Types of depression
Major Depressive Disorder (also known as Major Depression, Clinical Depression) – A major depressive episode occurs with symptoms that last for most of the day, nearly every day for at least two weeks. These symptoms are
• significant weight loss / weight gain
• decreased sleeping or increased sleeping
• excessive movement or slowing down associated with mental tension (observed by others)
• fatigue or loss of energy
• feeling worthless or excessive guilt
• difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
Dysthymic disorder
A condition that people are not even aware of but just live with daily. They go through life feeling unimportant, dissatisfied, frightened and simply don't enjoy their lives. It refers to a mild to moderate, chronic state of depression.
Postpartum Depression: A rare form of depression taking place in women within around one week to six months after giving birth to a child. After pregnancy, hormonal changes in a woman's body may generate symptoms of depression. Tiredness, problems sleeping, stronger emotional reactions, and changes in body weight may arise during pregnancy and after pregnancy.
Psychotic depression In this type person having various Hallucinations .like visual hallucination, auditory hallucinations.
Bipolar Disorder
Also known as manic-depression or manic-depressive depression. People having both sadness and happiness feelings together.
prevention
If someone suffers from depression then he/she should try to cope up it by themselves.they can go outside ,communicate with friends, try to make busy themselves.they can write down their feelings .but when they feel difficult to cope up this situation they should immediately contact the family doctor.
By
Kalpana Sharma
Common signs & symptoms of depression
• Lack of energy
• Different changes in eating habits
• Poor concentration
• Increased unhappiness or touchiness
• Sleeping too much or too little
• Weight loss
• Low self esteem
• Feelings of guilt
• Withdrawal from responsibilities
• Presence of death and suicidal thoughts
• running away from reality
• Having prolong head, muscle, and stomach aches
• Dislike to spend time with family and friends
• Social detachment
• Disturbed communication skills
• repetitive mood swings
• loss of interest in daily activities
• feelings of hopelessness and loneliness
• irritability or restlessness
Types of depression
Major Depressive Disorder (also known as Major Depression, Clinical Depression) – A major depressive episode occurs with symptoms that last for most of the day, nearly every day for at least two weeks. These symptoms are
• significant weight loss / weight gain
• decreased sleeping or increased sleeping
• excessive movement or slowing down associated with mental tension (observed by others)
• fatigue or loss of energy
• feeling worthless or excessive guilt
• difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
Dysthymic disorder
A condition that people are not even aware of but just live with daily. They go through life feeling unimportant, dissatisfied, frightened and simply don't enjoy their lives. It refers to a mild to moderate, chronic state of depression.
Postpartum Depression: A rare form of depression taking place in women within around one week to six months after giving birth to a child. After pregnancy, hormonal changes in a woman's body may generate symptoms of depression. Tiredness, problems sleeping, stronger emotional reactions, and changes in body weight may arise during pregnancy and after pregnancy.
Psychotic depression In this type person having various Hallucinations .like visual hallucination, auditory hallucinations.
Bipolar Disorder
Also known as manic-depression or manic-depressive depression. People having both sadness and happiness feelings together.
prevention
If someone suffers from depression then he/she should try to cope up it by themselves.they can go outside ,communicate with friends, try to make busy themselves.they can write down their feelings .but when they feel difficult to cope up this situation they should immediately contact the family doctor.
By
Kalpana Sharma
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